2021年4月8日 星期四

New Report Warns of Rising Threat of Domestic Terrorism 美國國內恐怖 威脅升高


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讀紐時學英文
2021/04/09 第327期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 New Report Warns of Rising Threat of Domestic Terrorism 美國國內恐怖 威脅升高
EPA to Review Attacks on Science Under Trump 干預科學研究 拜登清算川普
紐時周報精選
 
New Report Warns of Rising Threat of Domestic Terrorism 美國國內恐怖 威脅升高
文/Adam Goldman
譯/李京倫、核稿/樂慧生

美國國內恐怖威脅升高

A new intelligence report delivered to Congress recently by the Biden administration warned about the rising threat of militias and white supremacists, adding urgency to calls for more resources to fight the growing problem of homegrown extremism in the United States.

美國拜登政府最近提交國會的新報告示警說,民兵與白人至上主義者構成的威脅正在增強。美國各界原即呼籲投注更多資源以對付日益嚴重的本土極端主義問題,新報告使此事更顯急迫。

In particular, the intelligence assessment highlighted the threat from militias, predicting that it would be elevated in the coming months because of "contentious sociopolitical factors," likely a reference to the fallout from the Jan. 6 riot at the Capitol by a pro-Trump mob and the increasingly partisan political climate.

這分情報評估尤其強調民兵的威脅,並預測這種威脅未來數月將因「有爭議的社會政治因素」而加劇,應是指挺川普暴民1月6日闖入國會大廈的影響,以及黨派偏執日益嚴重的政治環境。

Racially motivated violent extremists, such as white supremacists, were most likely to conduct mass casualty attacks against civilians, while militias typically targeted law enforcement and government personnel and facilities, the report said. Lone offenders or small cells of extremists were more likely than organizations to carry out attacks, it said.

報告指出,以種族歧視為動機的暴力極端分子,如白人至上主義者,最可能對一般平民發動死傷眾多的攻擊行動,民兵則通常鎖定執法人員、政府人員與設施。報告提到,單獨犯案者與一小撮極端分子比組織更可能發動攻擊。

President Joe Biden requested the comprehensive threat assessment shortly after he took office in the wake of the Jan. 6 assault on the Capitol, which laid bare the toxic domestic extremism that has shaken the country. Only the brief executive summary was declassified and made public; a classified version was sent to Congress and the White House.

美國總統拜登上任不久就要求政府提出這分全面性威脅評估報告,時機是1月6日國會動亂之後,這場動亂暴露出震撼全美惡毒有害的國內極端主義。解密公布的只有簡短摘要,機密版報告則送交國會與白宮。

The top-line assessment echoed earlier analyses by the FBI and Department of Homeland Security warning of the looming dangers of domestic terrorism, including after followers of former President Donald Trump embraced his baseless claims of election fraud. An internal FBI report that appeared to have been compiled before Jan. 6 and was published days after the breach predicted the violence to come, saying the events in 2020 were "likely to embolden U.S. domestic violent extremists in 2021."

這分高層評估呼應了聯邦調查局(FBI)與國土安全部先前的分析,分析報告警告美國國內恐怖主義的威脅迫在眉睫,包括前總統川普粉絲相信他毫無根據的選舉舞弊說法之後。一分似乎在1月6日前編纂、國會暴亂發生幾天後公布的FBI內部報告預測該一暴行將會出現,並指出2020年的一些事件「很可能在2021年助長美國國內暴力極端分子的氣焰」。

The Homeland Security Department also previously issued a rare terrorism bulletin warning that extremists continue to be galvanized over "the presidential transition, as well as other perceived grievances fueled by false narratives," a clear reference to Trump's false accusations that the election was stolen.

國土安全部也曾發布一分罕見的恐怖主義簡報,警告說極端分子因為「總統政權移交和虛假說詞煽動的其他認知上的不滿」而繼續受鼓動,顯然是指川普不實指控選舉舞弊。

Domestic extremism "poses the most lethal and persistent terrorism-related threat to the homeland today," Alejandro Mayorkas, Homeland Security secretary, told a House committee.

國土安全部長梅奧卡斯曾對眾院委員會說,國內恐怖主義「是我國當前最具殺傷力且持久不去的恐怖主義相關威脅」。

"The Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol and on American democracy is a searing example of this threat," Mayorkas said.

梅奧卡斯說:「1月6日暴民對美國國會和美國民主的攻擊,是這類威脅最鮮明的例子。」

The FBI said in statement that the "threat is persistent and evolving."

FBI曾發布聲明說,這種「威脅持久不散且不斷發展」。

 
EPA to Review Attacks on Science Under Trump 干預科學研究 拜登清算川普
文/Lisa Friedman
譯/陳韋廷、核稿/樂慧生

干預科學研究 拜登清算川普

The Biden administration is taking the unusual step of making a public accounting of the Trump administration's political interference in science, drawing up a list of dozens of regulatory decisions that may have been warped by political interference in objective research.

美國拜登政府正採取不尋常的舉措,公開追查並發布川普政府對科學研究的政治干預,將會起草一份清單,臚列數十項可能因為客觀研究橫遭政治干預而被扭曲的監管決定。

The effort could buttress efforts to unwind pro-business regulations of the past four years, while uplifting science staff battered by four years of disregard. It is particularly explicit at the Environmental Protection Agency, where President Joe Biden's political appointees said they felt that an honest accounting of past problems was necessary to assure career scientists that their findings would no longer be buried or manipulated.

這一努力或可支撐把過去4年親商監管規定取消的行動,同時提振四年來飽受漠視之苦的政府科研人員的士氣。在美國環保署中這一現象尤為明顯。環保署內由拜登總統任命的政務官員表示,他們覺得有必要誠實的清查並說明過去的問題,以確保職業科學家們相信,自己的研究發現再也不會遭受埋沒或操縱。

In a blunt memo last month, one senior Biden appointee said political tampering under the Trump administration had "compromised the integrity" of some agency science. She cited specific examples, such as political leaders discounting studies that showed the harm of dicamba, a popular weedkiller that has been linked to cancer and subsequently ruling that its effectiveness outweighed its risks.

拜登任命的一位高層官員上月在一份備忘錄中直白表示,川普政府時期的政治干預已讓環保署部分科學研究工作「誠信受損」。她舉了一些具體例子,比如一些政治領袖不重視顯示麥草畏具危害性的研究,這種受歡迎的除草劑被認為會致癌,後來這些政治領袖又裁定麥草畏功效大於風險。

The broader list of decisions where staff say scientific integrity was violated is expected to reach about 90 items. It currently includes well-known controversies like the ricochet of decisions around Pebble Mine, a proposed copper and gold mine in Alaska's Bristol Bay region, as well as rulings around relatively obscure toxic chemicals.

環保署內科研人員所指違反科學誠信的決定,若依較寬鬆的標準統計,料將達90項左右。它目前包括眾所周知的一些爭議,例如圍繞阿拉斯加州布里斯托灣「圓石礦」金銅開發案的決定,以及關於一些人們較不熟知的有毒化學物的裁定。

"Manipulating, suppressing, or otherwise impeding science has real-world consequences for human health and the environment," the EPA administrator, Michael Regan, said in an agencywide email message . "When politics drives science rather than science informing policy, we are more likely to make policy choices that sacrifice the health of the most vulnerable among us."

環保署長黎根在寫給全署員工的電子郵件中說:「操縱、壓制或以其他方式阻礙科學,會在現實世界對人類的健康與環境產生影響。當政治驅使科學而非科學為決策提供資訊時,我們更有可能做出犧牲我們當中最弱勢群體健康的決策。」

He asked employees to bring "any items of concern" to the agency's scientific integrity officials or the independent inspector general and pledged to encourage "the open exchange of differing scientific and policy positions."

他請求員工將「任何值得關切的問題」交給署內科學誠信主管官員或獨立的督察長,並誓言鼓勵「不同科學和政策立場的公開交流」。

President Donald Trump's well-documented attacks on science include doctoring a map with a black Sharpie to avoid acknowledging that he was wrong about the path of a hurricane and then pressuring scientists to back his false claim; meddling in federal coronavirus research; and pressuring regulators to approve COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. Those actions provoked bipartisan concern during his administration.

前總統川普攻擊科學的事例俯拾皆是,包括用黑色麥克筆竄改地圖來避免承認他錯判颶風路徑,然後壓迫科學家支持他的錯誤說法;干預聯邦新冠病毒研究,並施壓監管機構核准新冠疫苗與治療方法。這些行動在他執政期間引起跨黨派的憂慮。

 
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