2022年4月28日 星期四

法國大選籠罩在阿爾及利亞戰爭陰影下 Shadows of Algerian War Loom Over France’s Presidential Campaigns


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2022/04/29 第380期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 法國大選籠罩在阿爾及利亞戰爭陰影下 Shadows of Algerian War Loom Over France's Presidential Campaigns
'The Era of the Foreign Correspondent Is Over' 「駐外記者的時代過去了」
紐時周報精選
 
法國大選籠罩在阿爾及利亞戰爭陰影下 Shadows of Algerian War Loom Over France's Presidential Campaigns
文/Constant Méheut
譯/李京倫

法國大選籠罩在阿爾及利亞戰爭陰影下

Shadows of Algerian War Loom Over France's Presidential Campaigns Grim conspiracy theories about replacing white, Christian French with Muslims from North Africa. Vows to limit immigration from the region. And the evocation of memories of a supposedly glorious colonial past in Algeria.

關於北非穆斯林取代法國白人基督徒的冷酷陰謀論。限制北非移民的宣示。還有被喚起的法國在阿爾及利亞據說光榮的殖民史回憶。

While President Emmanuel Macron of France has tried over the past year to address the painful memories of his country's colonial history in Algeria, the long shadows of that past — provoked by such messages — have increasingly pervaded the campaigns of right-wing candidates in next week's presidential elections.

法國總統馬克宏過去一年企圖處理法國在阿爾及利亞殖民史令人不快的記憶,但被這類訊息激起的這段過往的長長陰影,日益充斥在下周投票的總統大選右翼候選人選戰中。

In the fall, one far-right candidate, Éric Zemmour, said, "France does not have to welcome and keep all the criminals from North Africa." Another, Marine Le Pen, said that memories could not be reconciled "by scourging ourselves in front of Algeria."

去年秋天,極右派候選人澤穆赫說:「法國不是一定要歡迎並收留所有來自北非的罪犯。」另一名極右派候選人瑪蘅.雷朋說,那些回憶不會「因在阿爾及利亞面前折磨我們自己」就化解。

Macron's attempts to heal the wounds of France's colonization of Algeria have included acknowledging crimes committed by French military and by police, recognizing France's lack of regard for former settlers and Algerians who had fought for the country, and easing access to archives related to the war.

馬克宏致力療癒法國殖民阿爾及利亞造成的傷痛,包括承認法國軍警犯下的罪行,坦承法國不關心先前的阿爾及利亞移民和曾為法國作戰的阿爾及利亞人,以及放鬆管制,讓更多人看到阿爾及利亞戰爭檔案。

On the 60th anniversary of the Évian Accords, which brought an end to the war for Algerian independence, Macron said, "The Algerian War, its unsaid things, had become — and still are, when I listen to our news — the matrix of resentments."

在終結阿爾及利亞獨立戰爭的埃維昂協議簽署60周年紀念活動上,馬克宏說:「阿爾及利亞戰爭,關於這場戰爭沒說出口的事,已經成了憎恨的溫床,而且我聽新聞時發現仍然是這樣。」

Karim Amellal, a French Algerian member of the government's so-called Memories and Truth Commission on Algeria, said that Macron wanted to "untangle a knot that is the source of many problems, many stereotypes, many tensions."

法政府旗下所謂「阿爾及利亞回憶與真相委員會」法裔阿爾及利亞籍成員阿梅拉爾說,馬克宏想「解開一個結,那是許多問題、許多刻板印象和緊張的源頭」。

But those reconciliation efforts have been mainly drowned out in a presidential campaign that has been dominated by heated debates on immigration and identity, themes heavily entwined with France's colonial past in Algeria.

不過調解活動大多被總統選戰蓋過,選戰主軸一直是關於移民與認同的激烈討論,這兩個主題與法國在阿爾及利亞殖民史息息相關。

The legacy of Algeria has perhaps been most evident in the phrase "great replacement," a racist conspiracy theory claiming that white Christians were being replaced by nonwhite immigrants. The concept was popularized during the campaign by Zemmour, whose Jewish family comes from Algeria, and then picked up by Valérie Pécresse, the candidate of the mainstream right, in coded attacks on Muslim immigrants.

阿爾及利亞的包袱可能在「大取代論」這個詞上最明顯,這是種族歧視陰謀論,宣稱白人基督徒正逐漸被不是白人的移民取代。這個概念在出身來自阿爾及利亞猶太人家族的澤穆赫參選後流行起來,接著被主流右派候選人瓦萊麗.佩克雷斯在暗諷穆斯林移民時採用。

Macron said that his efforts over the past year had been intended "to forget nothing, to deny nothing of the irreducible nature of the sufferings, of the pains, of what has been experienced, but to assume that they are all French."

馬克宏說,過去這一年他的努力是為了「不要忘記,也不要否認那些苦難、痛苦和經驗有著無法平復的本質,而是要認為這些都是法國的」。

 
'The Era of the Foreign Correspondent Is Over' 「駐外記者的時代過去了」
文/Michael M. Grynbaum
譯/李京倫

「駐外記者的時代過去了」

It will be named for a word that is the same in dozens of languages. It will recruit English-speaking journalists from countries like India and Singapore to cover the news. And according to its cofounder, "The era of the foreign correspondent is over."

它將以在數十種語言中寫法相同的一個字命名。它將在印度和新加坡這類國家招募說英語的記者來報導新聞。而且共同創辦人說:「駐外記者的時代過去了。」

These are among the ideas in store for the new media venture led by Justin Smith, the former chief executive of Bloomberg Media, and Ben Smith, the former editor of BuzzFeed and media columnist for The New York Times, according to remarks by Justin Smith during an online seminar.

這些都是一家新媒體公司準備實現的點子,這家公司的主導者是彭博媒體前執行長賈斯汀.史密斯和BuzzFeed前總編輯、現任紐約時報媒體專欄作家班恩.史密斯。這是賈斯汀在一場線上研討會透露的。

The Smiths, who are not related, have been tight-lipped about plans for their new company, which has captured the fascination of the media industry because of its high-profile founders and their ambitious pledge to compete with international outlets like Reuters, The Associated Press and The Times.

兩位史密斯並無親戚關係,都對他們新公司計畫守口如瓶。這家新公司已因創辦人享有高知名度,和他們雄心勃勃承諾與路透、美聯社和英國泰晤士報等國際媒體一較高下,讓媒體業著迷。

The Smiths are seeking tens of millions of dollars in funding from prominent investors. They announced the hiring of Gina Chua, a top editor at Reuters who will serve as executive editor.

兩位史密斯正在向知名投資人尋求數千萬美元資金。他們宣布聘請路透頂尖編輯蔡翔祁擔任總編輯。

Justin Smith offered some new details during an hourlong Zoom interview sponsored by the Harvard Business School Club of New York.

賈斯汀在紐約哈佛商學院俱樂部贊助的一場一小時Zoom訪談中,透露了一些新細節。

"We've chosen a brand that we're going to be unveiling in a couple of months that is the same word in 25 or 35 different languages," Smith told the moderator. "It is very intentionally going to be able to live in Asia or Europe or the Middle East or America."

史密斯告訴主持人:「我們選好品牌名稱,會在兩三個月內公布,那個字在25到35種不同語言中寫法都一樣。這個品牌刻意要在亞洲、歐洲、中東和美國生存。」

Smith did not reveal the name that he had selected. English words that are the same or similar in many other languages include taxi, tea, coffee, chai, sugar, pajama, radio and soup.

史密斯並沒公布他選擇的品牌名。英文字在許多其他種語文中拼法相同或類似的,包括計程車、茶、咖啡、印度奶茶、糖、束腰寬鬆褲、收音機和湯。

Smith also shared his thoughts about what he called the end of an era where news outlets based in London, New York or Washington dispatched journalists to foreign countries to report on the goings-on there. He asked why foreign readers would not prefer a homegrown English-speaking native to report the news in their region.

史密斯還談到,他聲稱總部在倫敦、紐約或華府的新聞媒體派遣記者到外國報導當地動態的時代,已經結束。他問道,為什麼外國讀者不會比較喜歡土生土長的說英語當地人,來報導他們區域的新聞。

"The idea that you send some well-educated young graduate from the Ivy League to Mumbai to tell us about what's going on in Mumbai in 2022 is sort of insane," Smith said.

史密斯說:「2022年還派出一些教育程度高的常春藤名校年輕畢業生到孟買,來告訴我們孟買發生什麼事,有點瘋狂。」

Instead, he said he would pursue "very educated, English-language-educated journalists all around the world," describing an opportunity "for scaling local and regional newsrooms at a lower cost."

反之,他說他想招募「世界各地教育程度非常高、接受英語教育的記者」,並說這是一個機會,「能以低成本經營當地和區域編輯部」。

 
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